- Double Stars (Aur) -

And (67)	Cep (39)	Cyg (110)	Leo (38)	Peg (53)	Sgr (12)
Aql (73)	Cet (9)	Del (17)	Lep (6)	Per (55)	Tau (36)
Aqr (14)	CMa (10)	Dra (45)	Lib (4)	Psc (21)	Tri (13)
Ari (16)	CMi (3)	Equ (9)	LMi (6)	Pup (4)	UMa (51)
Aur (34)	Cnc (19)	Eri (10)	Lyn (18)	Sco (5)	UMi (6)
Boo (33)	Com (13)	Gem (39)	Lyr (34)	Sct (5)	Vir (26)
Cam (30)	CrB (10)	Her (74)	Mon (14)	Ser (22)	Vul (20)
Cap (9)	Crv (5)	Hya (11)	Oph (19)	Sex (6)
Cas (49)	CVn (15)	Lac (17)	Ori (55)	Sge (12)

WDS 04563+5206 (**)

Name:	WDS04563+5206
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	04^h56^m16.87^s / +52°05'52.20"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
HU555	AB	8^m.8	9^m.1	0.2"	70°	2007
STF608	AB-C	8^m.2	9^m.5	4.7"	114°	2019



René Merting
107mm f/5.6, 60x, SQM-L 19.2 STF608 (AB-C): bei 60x ist die C-Komponente ganz knapp getrennt im Süden von AB zu erkennen, insgesamt ein sehr schwaches Paar

STF 616 (**)

Name:	STF616, omega Aur, 4 Aur
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	04^h59^m15.41^s / +37°53'24.90"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	5^m.0	8^m.2	4.7"	5°	2022
	AC	5^m.0	12^m.1	163.5"	238°	2002

Robert Zebahl
70mm f/5.7, 57x AB: Easy, still relatively tight with a large difference in brightness. Component A appeared pretty bright and white-yellowish, while B appeared only as a tiny star. Very nice sight.

WDS 05103+3718 (**)

Name:	WDS05103+3718
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h10^m18.81^s / +37°18'06.70"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
STF644	AB	7^m.0	6^m.8	1.6"	221°	2019
VBS10	AC	7^m.0	10^m.5	73.4"	192°	2019

Robert Zebahl
70mm f/5.7, 100x STF644 (AB): At 57x slightly elongated with a partially visible notching. At 100x & 133x two clearly overlapping diffraction disks are visible as figure '8' with a small difference in brightness.
102mm f/11, 129x STF644 (AB): Grand sight! Two almost touching diffraction disks, slight difference in brightness, both slightly yellowish.
152mm f/5.9, 129x STF644 (AB): Great view, easy to separate, but still quite close together with low difference in brightness. Both components appeared slightly orange.

WDS 05110+3203 (**)

Name:	WDS05110+3203
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h10^m59.19^s / +32°02'19.50"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
STF648	AB	8^m.1	8^m.9	5.0"	64°	2020
STF648	AC	8^m.1	13^m.1	48.1"	113°	2009
STF648	AD	8^m.1	13^m.4	47.6"	73°	2015
SMR17	AE	8^m.1	9^m.3	191.0"	162°	2010



Robert Zebahl
55mm f/9.1, 40x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 STF648 (AB): At 40x tight with obviously fainter component.
70mm f/5.7, 33x STF648 (AB): Separated, but tight with noticeable difference in brightness.

STF 666 (**)

Name:	STF666
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h17^m05.80^s / +33°19'47.20"

Components:
	m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	7^m.8	7^m.9	3.2"	75°	2019

Robert Zebahl
55mm f/9.1, 83x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 At 40x slightly elongated, at 38x separated, but tight. Overall faint with components of similar brightness.
70mm f/5.7, 57x Split, no difference in brightness and color. Very nice!

STF 669 (**)

Name:	STF669
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h18^m56.78^s / +45°14'51.40"

Components:
	m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	8^m.4	9^m.0	10.0"	278°	2021

Robert Zebahl
55mm f/9.1, 25x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 Well separated with visible difference in brightness.
René Merting
12.5" f/4.5, 45x, SQM-L 21.0 bei 45x ein feines, kleines Sternpaar, knapp getrennt, auffallend - B im Westen ist eine halbe Größenklasse schwächer

WDS 05207+4658 (**)

Name:	WDS05207+4658
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h20^m39.16^s / +46°57'49.60"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
STF681	AB	6^m.6	9^m.2	23.2"	183°	2020
FYM198	AC	4^m.6	9^m.5	16.6"	346°	2015

Robert Zebahl
B 16x70, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.2 STF681 (AB): 2020-11-07: Together with Capella in one field of view. Beautiful surrounding. Moderate distance and large difference in brightness. Primary component appears white-yellowish with faint companion.
René Merting
B 15x56, SQM-L 21.0 STF681 (AB): Komponente B zeigt sich leicht abgesetzt südlich von A und ist gut 2.5 bis 3 Magnituden schwächer - der Glanz von Kapella stört die Beobachtung enorm
107mm f/5.6, 30x, SQM-L 19.0 STF681 (AB): das Sternpaar ist bei 30x schön zu sehen, A strahlt weiß-gelblich und relativ hell, B ist ein etwa 3 Größenklassen schwächerer, extrem schwacher Lichtpunkt, wenn überhaupt - eigentlich ist er nur noch ein Punkt südlich von A

WDS 05244+4237 (**)

Name:	WDS05244+4237
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h24^m22.85^s / +42°36'37.00"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
ES576	AB	8^m.1	13^m.8	9.3"	348°	2015
ES576	AC	8^m.1	8^m.9	42.6"	237°	2020
A1719	CD	8^m.9	9^m.8	0.9"	90°	2016

René Merting
B 15x56, SQM-L 21.0 ES576 (AC): ein Paar annähernd gleichheller Sterne, gut getrennt - das Paar ist dennoch gut als Doppelstern erkennbar, da es recht isoliert steht - Helligkeitsunterschied eine viertel Größenklasse (0.8 mag lt. Stelledoppie)

STF 698 (**)

Name:	STF698
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h25^m12.94^s / +34°51'18.60"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	6^m.7	8^m.3	31.4"	348°	2019

Robert Zebahl
102mm f/11, 62x, Seeing 2-3/5 Beautiful double star, easy to separate and quite striking. Primary component appeared in clear orange, the companion was too faint to identify the color.
152mm f/5.9, 22x, Seeing 2-3/5 Easy with a attractive separation and a clear difference in brightness. A: pale yellow; B: creamy white with a touch of blue. At 49x the color impression was a bit more intense. Located in beautiful field of stars.

WDS 05256+3803 (**)

Name:	WDS05256+3803
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h25^m38.50^s / +38°02'41.10"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
STF699	AB	7^m.9	8^m.6	8.9"	345°	2018
WAL39	AC	7^m.9	13^m.1	51.3"	338°	2015
WAL39	BC	8^m.6	13^m.1	42.5"	337°	2015

Robert Zebahl
55mm f/9.1, 25x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 STF699 (AB): Well separated with slightly fainter companion.
70mm f/5.7, 22x STF699 (AB): Separated at 22x, but still a relatively tight pair with a moderate difference in brightness. Together with sigma Aur in one field of view. Overall rather dim double star. At 57x very nice view! A: pale orange, B: slightly bluish

STF 719 (**)

Name:	STF719
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h30^m06.14^s / +29°32'55.30"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	7^m.5	8^m.8	1.3"	333°	2021
	AC	7^m.5	9^m.4	15.0"	353°	2020

Robert Zebahl
152mm f/5.9, 129x, Bortle 5, SQM-L 20.7, Seeing 3/5 AB: At 129x clearly elongated. Difference in brightness visible. The seeing was mediocre (3/5), so that the diffraction disks were only occasionally visible. At 180x no better.
70mm f/5.7, 22x AC: At 22x clearly visible difference in brightness at moderate separation. The companion appears only as a dim star. At 57x the color contrast is also quite noticeable. A: light orange, C: silvery blue
102mm f/11, 62x, Seeing 2-3/5 AC: Easy with a rather dim companion. The color seemed a bit more intense than in the 6-inch refractor. A: lovely pale orange; B: grey-bluish.
152mm f/5.9, 49x, Seeing 2-3/5 AC: Easy to separate with a significant difference in brightness. A appeared in bright orange, B appeared greyish-blue.

STTA 63 (**)

Name:	STTA63
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h30^m45.08^s / +39°49'33.30"

Components:
	m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	6^m.5	7^m.7	75.2"	277°	2017

Robert Zebahl
70mm f/5.7, 22x, Bortle 6 At 22x widely separated, visible difference in brightness. Slight difference in color: white-yellowish (at 44x light orange), slightly orange.
René Merting
B 15x56, SQM-L 21.0 ein weit auseinander stehendes Pärchen - Komponente B im Westen ist gut eine dreiviertel Magnitude schwächer - interessant hier ist, dass B trotz relativ hoher Helligkeit richtig graublau wirkt gegen die weiß schimmernde A-Komponente

STF 718 (**)

Name:	STF718
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h32^m20.59^s / +49°23'36.50"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	7^m.5	7^m.5	7.8"	72°	2022
	AC	7^m.5	11^m.2	117.1"	186°	2015

Robert Zebahl
55mm f/9.1, 25x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 AB: Easy to split with similarly bright components. Nive view.
René Merting
107mm f/5.6, 30x, SQM-L 19.0 AB: bei 30x schick, ein äußerst dichtes, gerade so getrenntes Sternpaar zweier gleich heller, reinweißer Sterne, eine wunderschöne Ameise

STF 736 (**)

Name:	STF736
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h37^m07.20^s / +41°49'41.70"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	7^m.5	8^m.6	2.7"	0°	2019
	AC	7^m.5	15^m.1	15.1"	271°	2016

Robert Zebahl
70mm f/5.7, 57x AB: At 57x split with almost no space in between. At 100x clearly split with noticeable fainter component.

26 Aur (**)

Name:	26 Aur
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h38^m38.10^s / +30°29'32.80"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
BU1240	AB	6^m.3	6^m.2	0.2"	321°	2016
STF753	AB-C	5^m.5	8^m.4	12.1"	269°	2021
BU90	AB-D	5^m.5	11^m.5	35.4"	113°	2015
BU90	AE	5^m.5	-	2.2"	87°	2016



Robert Zebahl
70mm f/5.7, 22x AB-C: Separable at 22x, but quite close together and pretty uneven. Primary component appeared in bright orange. At 57x easy to separate. The faint companion appeared silvery-blue.

STF 764 (**)

Name:	STF764
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h41^m20.98^s / +29°29'14.70"

Components:
	m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	6^m.4	7^m.1	25.8"	15°	2019

Robert Zebahl
B 8x44 2020-11-25: Cleanly split, rather close together. In beautiful star field together with beta Tauri.
55mm f/9.1, 25x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 Easy to split with large distance and noticeable difference in brightness.
70mm f/5.7, 22x Very easy and bright, pretty wide apart with a small difference in brightness; whitish and slightly yellowish.

WDS 05444+4024 (**)

Name:	WDS05444+4024
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h44^m24.69^s / +40°24'16.80"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
STF775	AB	8^m.4	9^m.9	22.5"	68°	2016
RAO55	AC	8^m.4	14^m.3	11.0"	152°	2015

René Merting
B 15x56, SQM-L 21.0 STF775 (AB): mit etwas Konzentration sehe ich B ganz schwach nordwestlich von A stehen - wegen der schlechten Sichtbarkeit von B grenzwertig

BU 560 (**)

Name:	BU560
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h47^m24.87^s / +29°39'26.90"

Components:
	m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	7^m.8	8^m.2	1.7"	124°	2019



Robert Zebahl
70mm f/5.7, 100x Clearly visible as a double star with overlapping diffraction disks (figure '8') and small difference in brightness.
152mm f/5.9, 129x, Seeing 2-3/5 Separated with very little difference in brightness, relatively tight. Overall easy.

STF 796 (**)

Name:	STF796
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h49^m55.53^s / +31°47'08.70"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	7^m.2	8^m.2	3.7"	62°	2019
	AC	7^m.2	10^m.2	209.6"	325°	2015

Robert Zebahl
55mm f/9.1, 83x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 AB: Well split with noticeable fainter companion.

BU 1053 (**)

Name:	BU1053
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h53^m28.64^s / +37°20'20.70"

Components:
	m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	6^m.9	8^m.8	1.9"	0°	2019



Robert Zebahl
70mm f/5.7, 133x Border observation! Companion is temporarily visible in the correct position angle as an extremely dim brightening of the first diffraction ring of the primary component.

STT 120 (**)

Name:	STT120
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h55^m37.56^s / +53°27'35.50"

Components:
	m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	7^m.6	8^m.8	48.9"	143°	2020

René Merting
107mm f/5.6, 30x, SQM-L 19.0 bei 30x fällt spontan die schöne, gelbe Farbe der A-Komponente auf, B scheint ordentlich abgesetzt, 2.5 Größenklassen schwächer und weißgrau - bei 60x sind beide Sterne mehr als ordentlich getrennt, A zeigt sich nun Roséweiß mit einem Hauch Orange, B ist einfach nur "da" und wirkt blaugrau

STT 545 (**)

Name:	STT545, 37 Aur, theta Aur
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	05^h59^m43.24^s / +37°12'45.90"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	2^m.6	7^m.2	3.7"	302°	2022
	AC	2^m.6	11^m.1	56.4"	300°	2019
	AD	2^m.6	10^m.1	139.2"	349°	2019



Robert Zebahl
70mm f/5.7, 57x AB: At 57x nothing seen at first sight. At 133x the much fainter component was visible after a short time as a tiny star in the correct position angle. With this knowledge, the observation at 57x was also successful, even if one has to look very closely. The challenge here is not so much the angular distance as the large difference in brightness.

WDS 06012+3132 (**)

Name:	WDS06012+3132
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h01^m14.73^s / +31°32'28.10"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
SEI453	AB	8^m.2	11^m.8	19.4"	214°	2022
SIN128	AC	7^m.3	7^m.6	2.6"	193°	1985

Robert Zebahl
70mm f/5.7, 133x SIN128 (AC): Even at high magnification there are no indications of a double star. Also the brightness seemed to be less than stated!?

WDS 06045+5134 (**)

Name:	WDS06045+5134
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h04^m29.10^s / +51°34'24.20"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
STT128	A-BC	6^m.4	9^m.3	39.5"	14°	2019
HU559	BC	9^m.6	10^m.6	0.6"	309°	1999

René Merting
B 15x56, SQM-L 21.0 STT128 (A-BC): ein gut getrenntes Paar, Komponente BC liegt nördlich von A und ist gerade so sichtbar - A ist reinweiß und BC ist … schwach
107mm f/5.6, 30x, SQM-L 19.0 STT128 (A-BC): bei 30x ein mega einfaches Sternpaar, A strahlt reinweiß, B im Norden ist ordentlich getrennt, mindestens 2-3 Größenklassen schwächer und nur ein schwacher, grauweißer Fleck

WEB 5 (**)

Name:	WEB5
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h09^m39.64^s / +43°08'26.70"

Components:
	m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	7^m.1	9^m.2	43.8"	216°	2016

René Merting
B 15x56, SQM-L 21.0 Komponente B zeigt sich ganz schwach südwestlich von A - ordentlich getrennt - A strahlt reinweiß, bei B bin ich froh, dass ich den Stern überhaupt erkennen kann

STF 845 (**)

Name:	STF845, 41 Aur
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h11^m36.59^s / +48°42'39.60"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	6^m.2	6^m.9	7.5"	358°	2019

Robert Zebahl
55mm f/9.1, 25x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 Relatively tight with visible difference in brightness.
René Merting
107mm f/5.6, 43x, SQM-L 19.0 die B-Komponente scheint sich im Norden bei 30x gerade so lösen zu wollen, die Trennung ist noch nicht ganz da - bei 43x ist die etwa eine halbe Größenklassen schwächere und reinweiße B-Komponente schließlich getrennt von der ebenfalls reinweißen A-Komponente zu sehen

STF 872 (**)

Name:	STF872
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h15^m39.06^s / +36°08'55.30"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	6^m.9	7^m.4	11.4"	216°	2020
	AC	6^m.9	12^m.2	196.7"	285°	2016
	CD	12^m.2	12^m.1	120.8"	164°	2015

Robert Zebahl
55mm f/9.1, 25x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 AB: Well separated with significant difference in brightness.

STF 918 (**)

Name:	STF918
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h33^m57.62^s / +52°27'41.80"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	7^m.3	8^m.2	4.8"	336°	2019
	AC	7^m.3	10^m.4	145.4"	24°	2015
	BC	8^m.2	10^m.4	142.3"	26°	2015

Robert Zebahl
55mm f/9.1, 40x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 AB: At 40x tight, at 55x well split with obviously fainter companion.

STT 147 (**)

Name:	STT147
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h34^m19.37^s / +38°04'33.60"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	A-CD	6^m.8	9^m.8	44.5"	119°	2016
	AB	6^m.8	8^m.7	42.7"	74°	2016
	CD	10^m.6	11^m.0	0.4"	106°	2015

Robert Zebahl

152mm f/5.9, 69x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.3, Seeing 3/5
At 22x, the components A, B and CD are immediately conspicuous, where A dominates. They form a beautiful, acute-angled triangle. At 69x, color differences are also visible. A: subtle orange; B: grey-bluish; CD: tendency to orange. Rewarding, because the double stars STF 928 & STF 929 as well as the very conspicuous carbon star UU Aur are in close proximity and can partly be observed together in one field of view!

STF 928 (**)

Name:	STF928
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h34^m41.81^s / +38°32'24.50"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	7^m.9	8^m.6	3.4"	131°	2019
	AC	7^m.9	12^m.4	130.9"	124°	2002
	BC	8^m.6	12^m.4	127.3"	124°	2015

Robert Zebahl
102mm f/11, 62x, Bortle 6 AB: At 28x the double star already appeared elongated, at 62x beautifully separated, with component A shining in a warm, subtle orange. At 125x A appeared orange, B grey-bluish.
152mm f/5.9, 69x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.3, Seeing 3/5 AB: Clearly separated, but tight. Moderate difference in brightness. Nice view with the nearby double stars STT147 & STF 929 and the carbon star UU Aur!

STF 929 (**)

Name:	STF929
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h35^m22.03^s / +37°42'55.10"

Components:
	m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	7^m.3	8^m.4	6.5"	24°	2016

Robert Zebahl
152mm f/5.9, 69x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.3, Seeing 3/5 Easy to separate, clear difference in brightness, slight color contrast. Primary component showed a slight orange color, the color of the companion was not clearly defineable. Nice view with the nearby double stars STT147 & STF 928 and the carbon star UU Aur!

STF 941 (**)

Name:	STF941
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h38^m40.76^s / +41°34'53.40"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	7^m.2	8^m.2	2.0"	83°	2019
	AC	7^m.2	10^m.5	83.9"	135°	2015
	CD	10^m.5	13^m.1	7.4"	322°	2015

Robert Zebahl
102mm f/11, 86x, Bortle 6 AB: At 62x only visible as figure '8'. The difference in brightness is hardly noticeable. At 86x barely separated, obvious. Clearly separated at 125x, but still tight with a moderate brightness difference.
102mm f/11, 28x, Bortle 6 AC: Distant, faint companion that is less attracting attention. Used magnifications between 28x and 125x.

STF 974 (**)

Name:	STF974, 59 Aur
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h53^m01.41^s / +38°52'08.90"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
	AB	6^m.1	10^m.2	22.2"	224°	2016
	BC	10^m.2	12^m.8	25.6"	219°	2015

Robert Zebahl
102mm f/11, 28x, Bortle 6 AB: Easy, moderate distance, pretty uneven. A appeared white-yellowish, B only as a tiny star.

WDS 06595+3706 (**)

Name:	WDS06595+3706
Type:	**
Constellation:	Aur
Coordinates:	06^h59^m27.19^s / +37°05'53.50"

Components:
		m₁	m₂	ρ	θ	Year
STF994	AB	7^m.9	8^m.1	26.4"	55°	2017
ALI574	AC	7^m.9	12^m.8	9.6"	120°	2015
GUI12	AD	7^m.9	11^m.5	101.2"	352°	2015
BLO1	AE	7^m.9	9^m.0	207.1"	353°	2015
SLE781	AF	7^m.9	11^m.4	57.5"	328°	2015
SLE781	AG	7^m.9	11^m.9	181.7"	262°	2015
SLE781	AI	7^m.9	11^m.7	251.3"	31°	2015
BOT6	AJ	7^m.9	9^m.8	223.2"	124°	2015
BLO1	BE	8^m.1	9^m.0	195.8"	346°	2015

Robert Zebahl
55mm f/9.1, 25x, Bortle 6, SQM-L 19.4 STF994 (AB): Well separated, large distance, slight difference in brightness.